What Is Iceland Known For?

What Is Iceland known for? This treasure island in the North Atlantic is known as the Land of Fire and Ice for its gasp-inducing landscape of glaciers and volcanoes.

Iceland is known for its dazzling array of wildlife, too, from whales that can often be seen breaching in the ocean to the high-pitched shrill of Arctic terns, plus Atlantic puffins, Icelandic horses, and languid seals. Remote islands, such as Vigur and Grimsey, are home to small communities and a plethora of rich birdlife, while cities such as Reykjavik and Akureyri offer culture and gastronomy.

What is Iceland famous for? From the capital’s iconic church to otherworldly lava fields, you will love discovering this unique place for yourself.

Thundering Waterfalls

Iceland is well-known for its thousands of waterfalls, so many that you won’t have to travel far to see several in one short trip. Waterfalls in Iceland trickle down steep fjords, cascade down mountains, and thunder into canyons, including Gullfoss in southwest Iceland.

Lying on the Hvítá river canyon and fed by the Langjökull glacier, Gullfoss is around two hours’ scenic drive from the capital city of Reykjavik and features a dramatic 105-foot, two-tier drop, with 358 cubic feet of water surging into the canyon every second during summer.

In the Westfjords, in the remote northwest of Iceland, Dynjandi is a spectacular veiled waterfall near the town of Isafjordur. On a hike to the base of Dynjandi, you will also take in five smaller waterfalls at the innermost point of the Arnarfjörður fjord.

If you’re in northeast Iceland, near Akureyri, the most impressive waterfall is the curved Godafoss, spanning around 100 feet and plummeting 39 feet into a serene pool. In the southwest, feel the refreshing spray of Skógafoss and Seljalandsfoss—both boast a breathtaking 200-foot drop—just a short drive from one other.

Read: Best Hikes in Iceland

Cuisine

Iceland is known for its outstanding seafood, free-grazing lamb dishes, and mountain-fresh herbs. There are some more usual Icelandic delicacies, too, including fermented shark, horsemeat sausage, and lundi—puffin meat.

Taking a guided food tour is one of the best things to do in Reykjavik to get an insider’s perspective on Icelandic food culture. Here, cuisine ranges from traditional Icelandic dishes and street food to high-end gastronomy.

Graze on cod tacos, sourdough pizza, and lamb cutlets at the neon-lit Hlemmur Food Hall. Located at the city’s former bus terminal at one end of the main shopping strip, Laugavegur, there’s also Vietnamese coffee, gelato, and cured meats among the offerings.

Hotdogs are arguably Reykjavik’s most famous street food. Pick one up at Bæjarins Beztu Pylsur—known for creating Reykjavik’s best hotdogs—topped with fried onion, ketchup, and mustard.

For gourmet fare, try Fish Market or Dill, for multi-course tasting menus that celebrate foraged and seasonal ingredients.

Geothermal Baths

What is Iceland known for? For many, it’s the country’s steaming baths where visitors go to relax in deliciously warm water heated using geothermal energy. The best known, and most popular, is the Blue Lagoon, a milk-blue pool nestled amid colossal lava fields on the Reykjanes Peninsula.

Experience Iceland’s nature on a visit to the Blue Lagoon, where you can lather on a mud mask and enjoy a drink at the swim-up bar. Blue Lagoon coaches pick up from Keflavík Airport and locations around the city, taking 30-45 minutes. There is a spa for luxury treatments, a café, a restaurant, and a gift shop where visitors can purchase skin, hair, and body products.

Around an hour north of Reykjavik is the dreamy Hvammsvik Hot Springs, a lesser-visited spot with eight natural pools and mountain and ocean views. Myvatn Nature Baths is North Iceland’s answer to the Blue Lagoon, while Geothermal Sea Baths in Husavik offers four pools with cinematic Arctic views.

Hallgrimskirkja

What is Iceland known for? When it comes to architecture, it’s Hallgrimskirkja Cathedral, the highest building in Iceland. This elegant gray church rises 240 feet in downtown Reykjavik with its design inspired by columns of basalt rock.

Dedicated to Icelandic poet Hallgrímur Pétursson, this unique building was designed by state architect Guðjón Samúelsson, who also designed the National Theatre of Iceland. It was completed in 1986. Inside this Evangelical-Lutheran church, there is a modernist vaulted ceiling and the largest organ in Iceland.

Take the elevator to Hallgrimskirkja’s eighth-floor viewing platform on the same level as the church clock with a large copper bell and several smaller bells hanging above. From here, visitors are treated to 360-degree views of Reykjavik.

Lava Fields

Some of Iceland’s lunar-like landscape, including areas of the Reykjanes Peninsula near Reykjavik, is owed to otherworldly lava fields, featuring dramatic rock formations.

One of the best things to do in Iceland is to wander among Dimmuborgir, located next to Lake Myvatn in the north. This extraordinary lava field was created following a massive volcanic eruption 2,300 years ago and is believed to resemble a labyrinth medieval fortress, hence its name, with Dimmuborgir translating to Dark City.

The lava from the eruption flowed across a lake, leading the water to boil. The lake’s water caused the lava to cool quicker, and rising steam shattered the lava as it solidified, creating towering stacks, lava tubes, hidden caverns, and natural chambers.

There’s plenty to see and do close by Dimmuborgir, too, including kicking back in the mineral-rich waters of Mývatn Nature Baths; visit Grjótagjá, a lava cave concealing a hot spring lake; and hiking Krafla crater, a caldera with a teal-blue lake lying on a volcanic fissure.

Read: Best Places to Visit in Iceland

Icelandic Horses

If you spend time traveling around Iceland, chances are you’ll encounter the country’s majestic horses, introduced to Iceland at the same time as the first Norse settlers arrived, over a thousand years ago.

Icelandic horses have gorgeous thick coats, usually in black, white, or chestnut-red, and are celebrated for their gentle temperament and five gaits—walk, trot, gallop, tölt, and pace. Horses are prohibited from being imported into the country, with the Icelandic breed considered exceptionally healthy, living up to 40 years, and one of the purest in the world.

Horse studs are dotted around Iceland, with Brúnir in Eyjafjordur in the north a fine example. Ran by Einar and Hugrún and their twin daughters, Guðbjörg and Þórhildur, Brúnir is an idyllic horse-breeding farm where you can meet these beautiful creatures and watch an equestrian show, After admiring the farm’s horses, stop for cake at the farm’s café and view Einar’s artwork at the farm’s exhibition.

Reynisfjara Black Beach

The many black-colored beaches in Iceland get their dark hue from lava sediment. The most famous is Reynisfjara, on the island’s wind-beaten south coast.

Near the town of Vik, around a two-and-a-half-hour drive from Reykjavik, Reynisfjara’s jet-black shore is pummeled by some of the strongest waves on the planet. The tallest wave recorded here was 120-feet, equivalent to a 10-story building.

Explore Hálsanefshellir sea cave that is framed by unique hexagonal basalt columns. You could also hike to the grassy cliff top above the black sand beach and gaze at the jagged black sea stacks, or to Dyrhólaey, a peninsula with a sea-arch that juts out into the ocean, to the west of Reynisfjara. Pack binoculars to look for puffins, fulmars, and guillemots nesting on the sea stacks and cliffs around the beach.

Remain a safe distance from the water when wandering on Reynisfjara Beach because rogue waves, also known as sneaker waves, can appear without warning, rising quickly before crashing onto the shore.

Read: What to Pack for Iceland

Glaciers

One of Iceland’s biggest claims to fame is the country’s shape-shifting glaciers—the “ice” part of the country’s moniker, The Land of Fire and Ice.

These natural slow-moving behemoths are made of compressed snow that forms a thick mass of ice. There are 269 named glaciers in Iceland, covering around 11 percent of the country, including Vatnajökull, the largest ice cap in Europe.

Langjökull is Europe’s second largest glacier and is reachable from Reykjavik in around an hour, a short distance north of the Geysir Geothermal Area and Gullfoss waterfall.

Langjökull glacier conceals two active volcanoes and, at its thickest, the ice runs up to 1,903 feet deep. It’s even possible to step inside the glacier, with a man-made tunnel carved into the mass of ice near the north side of the glacier that opens year-round.

Guided Jeep safaris, hiking, and helicopter tours are also popular ways to explore this breathtaking glacier, known as one of the most beautiful places in Iceland.

Bird Life

Bird life thrives in Iceland, especially during summer when the country sees an influx of thousands of migratory seabirds.

Symbolic of Iceland is the Atlantic puffin, with these photogenic seabirds arriving in their droves to burrow on cliffs around the country. A colony of 100,000 nests on Vigur Island in the Westfjords alone, between May and early August.

Vigur also receives around 7,000 eider ducks each year, with the silky-soft eider down collected and harvested by the island’s three owner-residents every summer. Vigur also boasts the largest colony of black guillemot in Europe and plenty of Arctic terns that you might spot on a day trip from nearby Isafjordur.

Grimsey, too, off Akureyri, is a mecca for puffins, Arctic terns, black-legged kittiwake, northern fulmars, and razorbills.

Travelers can spot tufted ducks, common eider, and whooper swans on Reykjavik’s central lake during summer in Iceland, while Lake Myvatn in the north welcomes gyrfalcons, the largest type of falcon in the world.

Geysir Geothermal Area

What is Iceland known for? One of the most famous images of Iceland is Geysir Geothermal Area, known for its hot springs thrusting plumes of boiling water and steam into the air.

Beneath the surface, a water-filled tube runs through the Earth’s crust, with magma heating the tube and eventually pushing the columns of water into the air.

The most famous is the Great Geysir—though it’s actually been dormant since 1935—which first began spouting water and steam following a series of earthquakes and a volcanic eruption toward the end of the 13th century.

Strokkur is now the big-ticket geyser in the area, spurting geothermal water up to 100 feet into the air every 10 minutes or so.

Witness Strokkur on Iceland’s Golden Circle route—which also includes Gullfoss Waterfall and Þingvellir National Park—to see geysers, simmering mud pools, and warm streams. Facilities here include a restaurant, gift shop, and bathrooms.

Grimsey Island

This tiny, craggy island lies right on the Arctic Circle, 25 miles north of Akureyri, in the far north of Iceland. Grimsey has around 100 residents, with a cluster of houses, a cafe, a gift shop selling Icelandic knits, and a small, white church close to the harbor.

As well as drawing a variety of thrilling seabirds to its rugged coastline, you might also spot dolphins and whales in the frigid waters around the island.

The best thing to do on Grimsey is to hike along the coastal path from the harbor to the Orbis et Globus installation, which takes around 45 minutes. This giant sphere marks the point where the Arctic Circle crosses the island. You might even spot Icelandic horses galloping in the open fields around the Orbis.

Whales

What is Iceland famous for? For wildlife lovers, its waters are known as a wonderful feeding ground for 24 species of whales.

Go in search of cetaceans on a whale-watching trip from Reykjavik, Akureyri, or Isafjordur, where you might see beaked, humpback, minke, killer, or pilot whales. For the best whale spotting, pack binoculars and a camera with a good lens—you might even capture them breaching and tail-slapping the water.

If you’re looking to learn more about these magnificent mammals, visit the Whales of Iceland museum in Reykjavik or the Whale Museum in Husavik, near Akureyri, where life-size models and skeletons are on display.

Read: Iceland vs. Greenland: Which Should You Visit?

Thingvellir National Park

This UNESCO-listed national park holds huge significance in Icelandic culture as the location of Althing, the country’s first parliament, which was held here between the 10th and 18th centuries. If you ask a geologist, what is Iceland famous for, they might tell you all about Thingvellir’s rift valley, created by the North American and Eurasian continental plates slowly pulling apart.

Central to Thingvellir is Thingvallavatn, a beautiful lake filled with Arctic char, with gorges, fissures, mountains, and waterfalls adding to the drama of this storied landscape.

From exploring the ruins of the first general assembly to hiking and horseback riding, there’s plenty to see and do in Thingvellir. Silfra is one of the best diving sites in the world, and you can scuba dive within the rift valley. At the visitor center, stop by the café, gift shop, and Heart of Iceland exhibition to learn more about the history and nature of this remarkable park.

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